[Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from mesenchymal stem cells of human umbilical cord vein]

The aim of this study was to generate induced pluripotent stem cells from human umbilical cord vein mesenchymal stem cells by use of plasmid vector. In this experimental study using type IV collagenase enzyme, we extracted and cultured mesenchymal stem cells obtained from human umbilical cord vein wall.Usingelectroporation method, these cells were transfected with plasmid vector which carried selfrenewal transcription factors of OCT4 and SOX2.After 9 days we observed the induced pluripotent stem cells like colonies. The nature of thesecells were evaluated byimmunocytochemistry and alkalin phosphatase activity of embryonic stem cells. Immunocytochemical analysis showed that these cells express the pluripotency markerssuch as OCT4, SSEA4, TRA1-60, TRA1-81, and also hadalkalin Phosphatase activity. This study revealed that transient expression of self renewal genes of OCT4 and SOX2 could lead to development of induced pluripotent stem cells like colonies from umbilical cord vein mesenchymal stem cells

[Comparison of adenosine deaminase level in HIV positive patients co-infected with hepatitis B and C and healthy subjects]

Measurement of adenosine deaminase and its isoenzymes in serum has been used for diagnosis and differentiation of intracellular infections and malignancies of immune cells. The aim of this study was to compare ADA levels and its isoenzymes in HIV positive patients and HIV positive patients co-infected with hepatitis B and C and healthy individuals, as a quick and low-cost diagnostic biochemical marker. This historical cohort study included 97 HIV positive IDU patients. After obtaining blood samples, serum was separated and examined for hepatitis B and C. We used Guisti method for measurment of ADA activity and EHNA inhibitor for the activity of its isoenzymes. Data analysis was performed by SPSS 16 [SPSS Inc., Chicago]. Our results showed that there was a high prevalence of HBV and HCV in HIV positive IV drug users. We found that total ADA activity in the patients groups was significantly higher than control group. Also HIV-HCV group showed a higher activity of this enzyme in comparison to HIV positive groups. Significant differences were found in regard to ADA2 isoenzymes among the four groups [P<0.05]. But ADA1 activity showed no significant difference. CD4+ counts were lower in HIV-HCV and HIV-HBV patients than HIV positive patients. ADA activity was considerably increased in HIV positive patients co-infected with either HBV or HCV. According to the results of this study and because of its low cost and simplicity to perform, in addition to other markers, measurement of ADA activity in serum is a sensitive biological marker for assessment of intracellular infections, particularly hepatitis in HIV positive patients

[Prevalence of human T-lymphotropic virus types I and II among high risk groups in Sanandaj in 2010]

HTLV-I is the etiological cause of adult T-lymphocytic leukemia [ATL] and a chronic degenerative neurologic disorder, called tropical spastic paraparesis [TSP]. HTLV infection can be transmitted through different ways: from mother to child or fetus, sexual intercourse, transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, and sharing contaminated syringe needles. As the presence of these infections in high risk groups can be an approximate indicator of their prevalence in the society and blood donors, in this study was tried to find prevalence of HTLV in HIV positive or negative intravenous drug users [IVDU; patients with major thalassemia, and hemodialysis patients, in Sanandaj. This descriptive study included 351 cases: 130 HIV positive and 110 HIV negative intravenous drug users [IVDU], 46 cases of major thalassemia, and 65 hemodialysis patients. All participants completed written informed consent forms. After obtaining blood samples and serum separation, all specimens were kept in freezer at -20[degree sign]C up to the time of analysis. Serum samples were screened for measurement of the titers of HTLV I and II antibodies by Dia-Pro ELISA kits, manufactured in Italy. Positive and suspicious reactions were reanalyzed. For confirmation of positive and suspicious reactions, samples with one positive reaction were examined by use of western blot kid [HTLV blot 2.4, manufactured by MP Diagnostics in Switzerland]. Data were entered into SPSS 16 software and the prevalence rates of these viruses were obtained by using frequency distribution table. The results of this study showed that one HIV positive, one HIV negative patient and another patient with major thalassemia were HTLV I positive [0.85%]. None of the hemodialysis patients had antibody against HTLV type 1. We did not find any antibody against HTLV type 2 in our study. The prevalence rate of HTLV [types 1 and 2] among these high risk groups was not high in Sanandaj. This may reflect its low prevalence in general population and in blood donors. However, it is necessary to take preventive measures to reduce its spread. To assess the exact prevalence rate we recommend screening of all donated blood samples and general population

[ effect of cardiac rehabilitation on the serum levels of adiponectin and lipoproteins in male atherosclerotic patients]

Adiponectin is the most important and promising adipocytokine to understand the relationship of obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases showing anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anti atherosclerotic effects too. The aim of this research was to survey the effect of cardiac rehabilitation, via special aerobic exercise training, on the serum levels of adiponectin hormone and lipoprotein lipid profile in men with atherosclerosis. Twenty patients with atherosclerosis [40-65-year-old men], selected by convenience sampling method and normalized by exercise training and primary tests, were enrolled. During 8 weeks [three session per week], subjects had 30 to 45 minutes training sessions by using treadmill, ergo meter, and arm ergo meter with the intensity of 30-50 percent of heart rate reserve. The t-test was conducted to check the difference between pretest and posttest at the significant level of P

Faecal fat and body weight changes following Roux-en-Y and jejunal loop interposition reconstructive technique in total gastrectomized dogs

Total gastrectomy is one of the most common operative procedures for gastric malignancy, but the recommended method of gastrointestinal reconstruction after gastrectomy is still controversial. Significant weight loss has been noted by many observers following gastrectomy. The Roux-en-Y method is the most frequent reconstructive technique performed after gastrectomy. This technique is easy to perform and prevents reflux esophagitis, but the major disadvantage of the technique is bypassing of the duodenum from the transit of food. This study was performed to compare two reconstructive techniques [the standard Roux-en-Y and jejunal loop interposition] after gastrectomy, considering post operative body weight loss in 10 healthy dogs. In group A, Roux-en-Y, following gastrectomy end to side anastomosis was performed between the distal jejunal end and remained part of the stomach. In group B, jejunal loop interposition, a 20 cm section of jejunal loop was resected and interposition of the loop was performed between the remaining part of the stomach and the duodenum. The patients were weighed before and after surgery until 30 days postoperatively and their weights were recorded daily. Also, faecal fat was measured on day 28 postoperatively. No fat was detected in faecal samples in group B, however different amounts of fat were measured in group A. Mean of preoperative weight was 28 +/- 3 kg. Data indicates a significant difference in mean of body weights in both groups pre and post operatively [P<0.05]. Mean percentage of body weights was significantly lower 67.18% +/- 4.4 in group A compared to group B [73.05% +/- 3.9] [P=0.04], which can indicate the importance of duodenal passage in reduction of post operative body weight loss

[Evaluation of the rate of occupational exposure to wheat flour dust in wheat flour mill factories in Hamedan]

Wheat flour is a complex organic particle containing an array of different allergic and antigenic components. Exposure to flour dust may result in a variety of respiratory problems such as allergic responses, occupational asthma and allergic rhinitis. The aim of the present study was to assess the concentration of inhalable dust and gliadin of flour dust as an important wheat flour allergen and to determine the relationship between concentrations of flour dust and that of gliadin in the air breathed by the workers in different workstations of wheat flour mill factories. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. 64 air samples were collected by means of universal air sampling pumps. Inhalable flour dust density was measured by gravimetric method and flour dust gliadin concentration was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]. The mean flour dust density was higher than that of permissible limit in all wheat flour mill factories [1.64-4.68 mg/m3] and showed a significant positive relation with gliadin concentration [R2 = 0.708, p<0.05] in all factories. In addition, Inhalable dust density and gliadin concentration have been different in different stations of the factories and were highest in flour packing workstation. This study revealed the density of Inhalable flour dust had been higher than the level of permissible limit [0.5 gr/m3] and the workers in Hamadan flour mills are exposed to a dangerous level of flour dust, and inhale a high level of gliadin in all flour packing unites of the factories in Hamedan

[Comparison of adenosine deaminase serum level in COPD patients and healthy subjects]

Global initiative for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease [Gold] has defined COPD as a disease characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. COPD is a subset of obstructive lung diseases which also includes cystic fibrosis, bronchitis and asthma. Adenosine deaminase [ADA, E.C.3.5.4.4] converts adenosine to inosine. ADA has two isoenzymes; ADA1 and ADA2. In COPD patients the serum level of ADA increases which can be regarded as a result of reduction in ADA activity. In this study we evaluated the level of ADA and its isoenzymes in COPD patients and healthy subjects. This was a case control study. ADA activity in 30 COPD patients with age range of 20-60 years whose disease had been confirmed by a pulmonologist in Ekbatan Hospital, was compared to the activity of the same enzyme in 60 healthy subjects consisting of 30 non smoker and 30 smoker subjects as control groups. Data were introduced into SPSS version.13 software and analyzed by Kruskall-Wallis and two-way ANOVA tests. ADA activity in the COPD and smoker control groups was significantly lower than that of non smoker group [18.99 +/- 7 and 22.99 +/- 6.7 U/L, respectively]. Regarding ADA2 serum level, the difference between patient group and non smoker control group was significant [P<0.05]. Activity of ADA1 isoenzyme in the study groups did not show any significant differences. In general ADA activity was decreased in COPD patients. Decreased ADA activity together with increased adenosine level may play an important role in producing pulmonary damage in COPD patients

[Investigation of environmental indexes of district 1 primary school in Sari, Iran]

The school is the most appropriate place for flourishes children, adolescents and juniors, and prepares safe and vigorous life. Thus, the aim of this research is to study of the hygienic conditions in primary schools in region 1 of Sari city. This article is a descriptive study. In which 45 non-for-profit and governmental schools were sampled using census method. The Fools of sampling was questionnaire filled in during interview with school principals and direct observation. Collected information was analyzed using "Excell" and spss soft wares. The results of this search showed that%93.4 of schools had dimention smaller than minimum standard. Only in%35.6 of schools, lavatory and drinking places were separate and the quality and quantity of lighting in%32 of. schools were classes proper. The most important finding of this search was the ignorant of indicators in environmental health as overlooking of standards, and the schools are merely established on quantity and urgent need despit of their quality

[Induction of differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of rat into hepatocyte and study of their biochemical factors]

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells [MSCs] are multi potential and capable of differentiating into specialized tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the induction of differentiation of the bone marrow MSCs of rat into hepatocytes by use of fibroblast growth factor-2 [bFGF], hepatocyte growth factor [HGF] and oncostatin M [OSM] in order to find a suitable source of hepatoecytes for bioartificial liver or liver transplantation. In this research MSCs were obtained from the bone marrow of rat and cultured in DMEM-LG medium supplemented with 15% FBS. These cells were treated with differential medium supplemented with HGF, bFGF and OSM for 24 days. Morphology, RT-PCR and Biochemical assays were used to identify the differentiation of stem cells into hepatic cells. Result: MSCs took a round shape after differentiation, while undifferentiated cells had fibroblast-like morphology. Albumin, urea and alpha-fetoprotein [AFP] were detected in differentiated cells. Alkaline phosphatase activity was confirmed by biochemical tests. The mRNA expression of CK-18 and tyrosine amino transferase [TAT] in differentiated cells was demonstrated by RT-PCR after induction. The rat MSCs from bone marrow can differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells in the presence of HGF, bFGF and OSM in vitro. Cytokines may play an important role in differentiation of bone marrow MSCs of rat into hepatocytes. Bone marrow derived MSCs are a new source of cell types which can be used for cell transplantation in hepatic diseases

Role of personality structure and sense of identity in mental health and appropriate efficiency in qom city hall employees

Hardiness is one of the most important personality traits in structuring personality stricture which can cause resistance to psychological traumas. In the present study the relationships between hardiness as a personality structure with automatic thoughts as a mental dysfunction and inferiority as a sense of identity was investigated. In this study, by Applying cluster sampling method, 406 male employees of Qom city hall were selected. Aghayousefi questionnaire of Aghayousefi automatic thoughts and inferiority and Ahvaz hardiness inventory [AHI] was used. Descriptive and inferential indexes such as correlation and multiple-linear regression were utilized in statistical analysis with SPSS 15. revealed that inferiority and automatic thoughts variables are predictor of hardiness. This means that

comparative study of the antimicrobial effect of scrophularia striata boiss. extract and selective antibiotics against staphylococcus aureus and pesudomonas aeroginosa

The pathogen of the positive gram Staphylococcus aureus and the negative gram Pseudomonas aeroginosa are the most important infectious factors for human. Since the bacterial resistance to the chemical medicines has increased and the plant medicines are of less side effects, nowadays the medical plants have been the focus of attention. In this research, the Staphyloccus aureus and pseudomonas aeroginosa have been isolated. The pathogen of Staphylococcus positive gram bacterium and pseudomonas aeroginosa negative gram after being isolated, they were incubated in a special condition. An extract obtained from a native plant called Scropholaria striata. Then some incubation conditions were prepared from 15 to 4 mac suspensions of these bacteria. To determine the sensitivity, two micro well were made in each incubation condition. In one of the micro well the plant extract and in the other one the positive control 2 i.e. Amikacin and vancomycin were poured, of course with the different densities. After measuring the circle made out of it, the results were studied. They showed that the average of the circle diameters made by scropholoria striate was more than that made by chemical medicines with positive control [p<0.05]. Increasing the density of the extract from 50 microlitre to 90 microlitre, the average of the circle diameters increased [p<0.05]. The achieved results showed that more number of the bactera in each incubation condition, the less the diameter of Staphylococcus aureus circle [p<0.05], but for a genus of pseudomonas the result was not the same. The final results of the research showed that the plant extract of Scropholaria striata can be used as an alternative remedy of the infections coused by these two microorganisms